昆明暴恐袭击考验中国新疆政策

　　Beijing faces up to failure in Xinjiang

　　The dramatic failure of China’s containment strategy for a long-running insurgency in the remote northwestern region of Xinjiang poses a grave policy challenge for Beijing.

　　针对西北偏远地区新疆持续多年的叛乱，中国采取的遏制战略遭遇戏剧性的失败，这给北京方面带来严重的政策挑战。

　　The conflict, involving Muslim Uighurs who object to Chinese control of their energy-rich homeland, burst into the country’s heartland in a terrorist attack that claimed the lives of 33 people in the southwestern city of Kunming on Saturday night. The deadly assault by machete-wielding assailants, who struck at the city’s main railway station, also raises questions about whether the Chinese government’s hardline response to Uighur “separatism” has succeeded only in creating a more intractable crisis.

　　矛盾的一方是反对中国控制其能源丰富的家园的维吾尔族穆斯林。这一矛盾上周六晚间在中国腹地爆发：地处中国西南的昆明市遭遇恐怖袭击，导致33人丧生。挥舞砍刀的袭击者在该市主要火车站发起的血腥攻击还令人质疑：中国政府对维吾尔“分裂主义”的强硬回应，是否只是成功地制造了一场更加棘手的危机?

　　No group has claimed responsibility for the attack but Beijing has always maintained its conflict in Xinjiang is with unspecified “separatist” elements rather than with “Uighur” activists. The distinction is important because it suggests that external or hostile forces – rather than the government’s own policies – are to blame for tensions in strategically important regions such as Xinjiang and Tibet.

　　没有任何组织声称对这次袭击负责，但北京方面一贯坚称，其在新疆的斗争对象是未指明的“分裂主义”分子，而不是“维吾尔”活动人士。这种区别很重要，因为它暗示，具有重要战略意义的地区(如新疆和西藏)的紧张局势要归咎于境外敌对势力，而不是中国政府自身的政策。

　　More than 100 people were killed in clashes in Xinjiang last year, mostly in remote areas where conflicting accounts of the incidents could not be independently checked.

　　去年新疆发生的若干冲突导致100多人丧生。这些冲突大多发生在偏远地区，有关具体事件相互矛盾的报道无法得到独立核实。

　　The massacre in Kunming is the second time the conflict has spilled beyond Xinjiang’s borders since October, when three Uighurs drove a vehicle into a crowd in Tiananmen Square. Although a highly symbolic attack at the centre of China’s capital, it killed only two bystanders.

　　昆明发生的大屠杀是去年10月以来这一矛盾第二次蔓延至新疆以外。去年10月，3名维族人驾车在天安门广场冲撞人群。虽然那是一起发生在中国首都市中心的具有高度象征意义的攻击，但它仅导致两名路人丧生。

　　Saturday’s mass killing, by contrast, was shocking for both its location and its death toll. In Kunming yesterday clear blue skies and blooming flowers added to the sense of disbeli at what had occurred less than 48 hours earlier.

　　与此形成对照的是，上周六发生的大屠杀在地点和死亡人数两方面都令人震惊。昨日昆明天气晴朗、鲜花盛开，令人对不到48小时前发生的惨剧更加觉得难以置信。

　　“The number of casualties and the impact of the violence are unprecedentedly high,” said Li Wei, an antiterrorism expert at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations.

　　“伤亡人数和暴力行为的冲击力都达到空前的高度，”中国现代国际关系研究院(China Institute of Contemporary International Relations)反恐问题专家李伟表示。

　　“The terrorist threat is clearly moving beyond Xinjiang. The attack was carully organised and planned. The people involved had been well trained.”“

　　恐怖威胁显然正蔓延到新疆以外。这次袭击是经过精心组织策划的。参与者之前受到良好的训练。”

　　The savage nature of what some state media have called “China’s 9/11” was on graphic display on the ninth floor of the Number one Kunming People’s Hospital, where victims of the terror attack are recovering.此次恐怖袭击的一些受害者在昆明市第一人民医院九楼接受治疗，一些官方媒体所称的“中国的9?11事件”的野蛮性在这里可见一斑。

　　Most of the wounded were slashed in the head, their shaven scalps now criss-crossed with long scars and stitches.

　　大部分伤员都是头部被砍伤，他们剃光头发的头皮上满是纵横交错的长疤痕和缝线。

　　Cao Nian described the moment when his 23-year-old girlfriend, Wang Hongli, was struck in the back of the head. “I was seeing her off at the station when [the attackers] appeared,” he said. “First there was one, then six. We were crouching down when they hit her.” The two staggered out of the station, running some 400 metres to find medical help.

　　曹念(音译)描述了他23岁的女友王鸿丽(音译)后脑被砍中的那一刻。“我在车站给她送行，就在这时(攻击者)出现了。”他说，“起初是一个人，然后出现了六个人。我们蹲下来时，他们砍中了她。”两人踉踉跄跄逃出车站，跑了大约400米才得到救护。

　　Mr Cao, who was not injured in the attack, spoke as another casualty was wheeled by his sleeping girlfriend. A deep scar cut across the right side of the victim’s head, which had been stitched. A pool of blood was still evident in his ear.

　　未在袭击中受伤的曹念说话时，一辆推车从他熟睡的女友身旁推过，车上是另一名伤者。此人头部右侧有一道深深的伤痕，伤口已被缝合。他的耳内仍有明显的血块。

　　“We are all appalled by this tragedy,” said Na Zhouhuai, a Muslim trader from China’s Hui ethnic group, as he waited for midday prayers to begin at the Shuncheng mosque. “They killed ordinary people – ordinary people like us here. We believe that you should not even kill an ant.”

　　“我们都对这场悲剧感到震惊，”纳舟怀(音译)表示。他是一名回族商人，此刻正在顺城清真寺等待正午祈祷开始。“他们杀害了普通人——像我们这样的普通人。我们相信，你甚至不应该杀死一只蚂蚁。”

更多出国留学最新动态，敬请关注澳际教育手机端网站，并可拨打咨询热线：400-601-0022