GMAT阅读题型之推导题.

2017-08-11 作者： 266阅读

　　在GMAT阅读题型中，很重要的一类就是推导题，这一类题型往往考察考生朋友对于作者隐含的观点的挖掘，那么遇到这类题型该如何解题呢，为此澳际小编特进行收集整理，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

　　推导题问的不是文中那些明确陈述而是作者强烈暗示的那部分。与观点题不一样，观点题问的是文中直接陈述的内容，推导题则问的是需要对文中直接陈述的内容进行推演才能得出的观点或含义。作者使用间接的方式来阐述，在不具体陈述的情况下提出观点。推导题测试你推断在作者只是暗示的那一部分所意图表达的观点的能力。推导题问的不是那些文章中蕴含的生僻含义或者暗示，而是那些作者间接铺陈的含义或者特别暗示。

　　要回答这些问题，你可能需要进一步以超越作者陈述所表达的字面含义，或者需要认识到作者陈述的对立面或者相对应的一面，或者需要辨别文中使用的一个象征词的意图。例如，如果文章明确地给出了一个结果，你可能会被要求推导导致它的原因;如果作者比较两个现象，你可能会被要求推导比较的基础或根据;你可能会被要求从一个明确给出的新的政策的描述推导出老政策的特征。因此，当你阅读一篇文章的时候，应该不仅仅关注作者的话所明确表达的意思，还要关注这些话所暗示的更为微妙的意思。

　　例：Ironically, itwasHandsomeLakewho can be credited with reviving the Iroquois culture.Lake, thealcoholic half-brother of Seneca Cornplanter, perhaps the most outspokenproponent among the Iroquois for assimilation of white customs andinstitutions, was a former member of the Great Council of Iroquois nations.Inspired by a near-death vision in 1799, Lake established a new religion amongthe Iroquois which tied the more usul aspects of Christianity to traditionalIndian belis and customs.

　　Among the followingreasons, it is most likely that the author considers Handsome Lake’s leading arevival of the Iroquois culture to be“ironic”because

　　(A) he was a formermember of the Great Council

　　(B) he was not afull-blooded relative of Seneca Cornplanter

　　(D) Seneca CornplanterwasLake’s alcoholic half-brother

　　(E) His religious belisconflicted with traditional Iroquois belis.

　　在文章中，作者使用“Ironically”作为段落的开头，而该题目针对这“Ironically”进行发问，透过文章，我们可以知道“Cornplanterwas an outspoken proponent of assimilation and that Handsome Lake was relatedto Cornplanter as a half-brother.”既然Cornplanter是吸收白人文化及制度的积极倡导者和支持着，而Handsome Lake与Cornplanter是half-brother的关系，因此，只能说有关“Lake was responsible fro the Iroquoisreasserting their national identity”这个事实是具有讽刺意味的。

　　例：Some people with a Bachelor’s degree are eligiblor the intership program with the district attorney’s office. If a personmeets the eligibility requirements for the program, that person is likely togain admission to the local law school if he or she applies, whether or notthat person actually participates in the internship program. However, no personwithout a Bachelor’s degree is eligible to participate in the internshipprogram.

　　If the statementsabove are all true, which of the following is properly inferred from them?

　　C. Some people with aBachelor’s degree are likely to gain admission to the local law school if theyapply.

　　D.All people eligible forthe internship program hold Bachelor degrees.

　　对于这一类题目

　　问的是inferred。意思是找出隐含的关系。D正好是可以从原文直接得出的，所以先排除C的推理过程。Bachelor’sdegree 是进入intership program 的前提。而进入intership program 是apply 并且gain admission 的前提。所以 Bachelor’sdegree 是apply 并且gain admission 的前提。

　　以下附imply和infer的区别

　　imply

　　Function:transitive verb

　　Etymology:Middle English emplien, from Anglo-French emplier to entangle — moreat EMPLOY

　　Date:14th century

　　1 obsolete : ENFOLD, ENTWINE

　　2 :to involve or indicate by inference, association, or necessaryconsequence rather than by direct statement

　　3 : to contain potentially

　　4 : to express indirectly

　　infer

　　Function:verb

　　Etymology:Middle French or Latin; Middle French inferer, from Latin inferre,literally, to carry or bring into, from in- + ferre to carry — more at BEAR

　　Date:1528

　　transitive verb

　　1 : to derive asa conclusion from facts or premises — compare IMPLY

　　2 : GUESS, SURMISE

　　3 a : to involve as a normal outcome of thought b : to pointout : INDICATE

　　4 : SUGGEST, HINT

　　intransitive verb : to draw inferences

　　usage Sir Thomas More is the firstwriter known to have used both infer and imply in their approved senses (1528).He is also the first to have used infer in a sense close in meaning to imply(1533). Both of these uses of infer coexisted without comment until some timearound the end of World War I. Since then, senses3 and 4 of infer have been frequently condemned as an undesirable blurring of ausul distinction.The actual blurring has been done by thecommentators. Sense 3, descended from More&aposs use of 1533, does not occur with apersonal subject. When objections arose, they were to a use with a personalsubject (now sense 4). Since dictionaries did not recognize this usespecifically, the objectors assumed that sense 3 was the one they foundillogical, even though it had been in respectable use for four centuries. Theactual usage condemned was a spoken one never used in logical discourse. Atpresent sense 4 is found in print chily in letters to the editor and otherinformal prose, not in serious intellectual writing. The controversy over sense4 has apparently reduced the frequency of use of sense 3.

　　以上就是GMAT阅读题型之推导题的相关介绍，考生朋友们在遇到此类问题后不妨多尝试着用这些信息，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。