8. Although this approach was prerable to victimizing other geographical areas by taking their jobs, it also had its shortcomings: high-tech manufacturing firms employ only a specially trained fraction of the manufacturing workforce.

虽然这个方法比夺取其他地区的工作岗位，进而伤害其他地区好，但是也有缺点：高科技制造公司只雇佣很小部分经过特殊训练的制造业工人。

9. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.

要使宇宙停止扩张，必须要有足够的不可见物质，远远超过发光物质，其密度大约是70倍。

10. Instead we have found that the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or increases slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass.

然而我们发现在螺旋星系里，随着远离距核心，环绕速度要么是不变的要么只有很小很小地增加。这个意外的结果表明随着远离核心，发光物质逐渐减少，不发光物质逐步增加，最终两者达到了平衡。

11. Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wavelength with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth.

我们的发现显示宇宙中多达百分之九十的物质发光的波长密度不足，导致在地球上无法探测到。

12. Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders (VCR’s), for example, were first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.

比如B模式率先于1975年将VCR商业化，但是其竞争对手--VHS模式在与其他生产商和分销商组成战略联盟和合作以及生产和推销VCR方面更为成功。

13. In recent years, teachers of introductory courses in Asian American studies have been facing a dilemma nonexistent a few decades ago, when hardly any texts in that field were available.

近年来，那些教授关于美国亚裔的入门课程的老师遇到了一个几十年前不会遇到的困境。当时，此类书籍很少。

14. The passage suggests that the factor in the highlighted area complicates professors&apos attempts to construct introductory reading lists for courses in Asian American studies in which of the following ways?

这篇文章暗示使教授美国亚裔的入门课程阅读书单时感到为难具体体现在以下哪方面?

15. By making it more necessary for professors to select readings for their courses that are not too challenging for students unfamiliar with Asian American history and culture.

给不熟悉美国亚裔入门课程的学生指定一些不太难的阅读书目对教授来说是很必要的。

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