GMAT语法解题技巧：平行&结构(二).

2017-08-10 作者： 26阅读

　　在GMAT语法的备考过程中，考生需要通过大量练习来逐步掌握GMAT语法的解题技巧。以下将通过几个例题来为大家介绍一下GMAT语法的解题思路和技巧，希望能够为正在备考GMAT考试的考生提供帮助。

　　20. Resulting from the destruction of the largest library of the ancient world at Alexandria x 对于介宾短语尤其小心, 就像”火山在信里爆发”, 介宾短语可以修饰动词和名词, 因此要小心修饰的语意窜改, OG263A, OG32E, OG117ABD(解释提到把介宾短语放在that的后面明确修饰后面的分句, 这个考点要把握); 因此介宾短语必须跟在被修饰的成份后面, 避免歧义, 大全266 During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 down to its nadir in 1933.

　　(B) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933. (B)

　　(E) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933 by nearly fifty percent.

　　这里by引导的介宾短语要跟在被修饰的fell后面.

　　但是, 这个考点应该辩证的接受, 即当介宾结构不会带来复杂的修饰的时候, 例如OG263, 当然要放在后面, 但是如果附带的修饰结构会产生头重脚轻时, 例如OG196D, 尽管这里的over the bridge是有歧义, 但是由于这个介宾结构后面带了一个复杂的定语从句, 无法提前, 只能在后面(介宾短语修饰歧义没有定从修饰这里产生的歧义大).

　　注意, 介宾结构的时间状语在句尾, 不会造成修饰前面名词的歧义, OG86E.

　　21. Among/ Out / Between/ At/ In/ -ed(OG166)+be+subject 倒装. GMAT中倒装不是重点, 即不会考只有倒装的不同的句子, 倒装的作用: 1强调要修饰的部分, 将要突出部分提前. 2平衡句子结构, 避免头重脚轻, OG166; 在不可以倒装的情况下, 不可以把助动词和动词分开, OG20D.

　　22. like不可以引导从句, 因此seem like+句子, 必错.

　　23. have done中的have在and并列句中第二个可以省略, OG113D; be done中的be同理.

　　24. in both public and private life 无须补出介词in

　　both in public and in private life 要补出, 但是没有第一句简洁

　　25. Run-on-sentence, 用and, but, yet连接两个主语不同的独立分句需要加逗号, 即主语不同的两个句子, OG114E, yet连接的句子主语相同, 因此可以不加逗号, 不要当成错误.

　　读句子的时候要有意识，但是例如OG207A中and连接的是两个原因状语从句(相当于省略了一个相同的Because), 因此不加逗号; 注意不可将分句改成主句, 否则会run-on, OG10.

　　26. 主句也不可变成从句, 否则Sentence Fragments, OG41. Under a provision of the Constitution that was never applied. Congress has been required to call a convention for considering possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do it by the legislatures of two-thirds of the states.

　　(D) has never been applied, whereby Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so

　　(E) has never been applied, Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so

　　D的错误就是whereby把主句变成了从句, 形成了Sentence fragments, 同理OG68DE.

　　27. 动词加与不加差异大, 不加修饰紧跟成分, 加了修饰主语, OG114AE.

　　28. 分号会将主从句分开(减弱逻辑关系), 因此原句用and时慎重换分号, OG225D说明在最后选择的阶段, 一定要明确原句的希望表达的意思, A是两个从句修饰, D打乱句子的紧凑和联贯;不要用分号连接句子和分词, 因为分词结构不能单独构成一个句子, OG50C.

　　29. despite/ in spite of/ because of/ on account of/ as a result of后面不能跟句子, 只可接简单名词结构(这个名词结构可以很长, 甚至包括分词定后), 不可以接动名词OG48D; 当选项中同时出现because/ since和上述结构的时候, 选because/ since.

　　30. a collection of/ a body of/ an array of/ a group of +复数名词+单数谓语.

　　31. 从后不从前(由B决定): A or B; not A but B; either A or B; A nor B; not only A but also B; neither A nor B; there be

　　从前不从后(由A决定): A with B; A, including B, A as well as B; A, together/ along with B; A no less than B; A more than B; A besides B; A except B

　　32. ETS从来不用like举例, 用的话就用such as; such…as(大全299); for instance; A, such as B. such as中B肯定是和A是同一类事物, 但是like用于比较, A like B, 意思是A像B一样, 两者之间不是同一种类, 不可以混用, OG208CE; 注意不要以为出现like和such as就一定是用such as, 大全229.

　　33. OG205: Such dependent clauses can only occur in the predicates of full clauses. Although结构在句子中间, 前后必须是都有谓语的句子.

　　34. Wrong: Ezra Pound was interested but not very knowledgeable about economics.

　　This is wrong because the preposition that’s needed after the word interested (in) is not the same as the preposition that follows the word knowledgeable (about).

　　Correct: Ezra Pound was interested in but not very knowledgeable about economics.

　　One way to check for faulty ellipsis is to complete each component idea in the sentence. Unless each part of the sentence can stand alone, you’ve found a case of faulty ellipsis. Trying that with our wrong example, we have:

　　Wrong: Ezra Pound was interested about economics, but Pound was not very knowledgeable about economics.

　　Clearly that won’t do, but both parts of the correct version can stand alone.

　　Correct: Pound was interested in economics, but Pound was not very knowledgeable about economics.

　　Wrong: London always has and always will be the capital of the United Kingdom.

　　This is wrong because the verb form that’s needed after has is not the same as the one that’s needed after will, so both must be included.

　　Correct: London always has been and always will be the capital of the United Kingdom.

　　Note that in the correct version, both parts of the sentence can stand alone. See what happens if you do that with the wrong version.

　　35. 关于前置形容词和后置形容词的作用:

　　1如果是作为前置形容词: 即形容词位于句首, 单独修饰主句的主语. 该形容词的作用和分词一样, 逻辑主语必须一致, 而且可以还原为完整的句子, OG 162题干.

　　2如果是作为后置形容词: 既形容词位于修饰对象之后, 且两者之间有逗号隔开. 该形容词的作用作为定语就近修饰, 可以还原为定语从句. 但如果定语从句中有情态动词且不可省略, 则不可省略为简单的形容词; 而且后置形容词不可以像现在分词修饰整个句子, 在该种情况下, 必须在形容词前面加上具体名词, OG38.

　　36. When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Simple Future (will help), adverbs usually come between the first part and the second part (will never help, is dinitely going to meet).

　　37. the more...the more...结构的四个原则:

　　1the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或所有格, OG252: the more the children..., the greater their...

　　2后面的谓语如果是be动词的话, 可以省略, 这一点对于前后两个都适用. (特别当主谓语时it is时, 常同时省略.) eg.What size box do you want?---The bigger, the better. 就是的The bigger it is, the better it is的省略结构. 上面的252题the greater...引出的主句显然省略了is, 表语是greater.

　　3第二个the more后面可以使用倒装, 而第一个后面却不行 (因为只有主句才能倒装,从句绝不能倒装! 如果继续深究第二个the more后面什么时候用倒装时, 可认为如果主语长, 谓语动词短时, 为避免头重脚轻, 主谓语倒装).

　　4表达的出的共变关系是不可以轻易改变的, 否则信息层次变化, OG7C.

　　38. OG35: A comma is needed after Rhone in choices A and D to set off the modifying phrase that begins Vincent...; without the comma, the phrase appears to be part of the main clause, and it is thus unclear what noun should govern the verb sold. 说明对于插入成分, 要明确谁是主语, 并且在插入语和主要动词间隔开, 否则修饰模糊.

　　以上简单介绍了GMAT语法的解题思路及技巧，考生可以据此进行针对性的练习，掌握并熟练应用GMAT语法的解题技巧，从而在短期内提升GMAT语法成绩。 相关链接：

1.GMAT语法解题技巧：平行&结构(一)

2.在职考生GMAT考试考场体验

3.牛人详解GMAT考试备考策略：备考过程

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