10. 同位语优先

主语，…，VO

1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.

(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about

(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about

(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of

(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about

(E) this leading scientists to wonder on

2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table.

(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table

(B) dysprosium is a member of the lanthanide series, it is in group IIIb of the periodic table

(C) dysprosium, a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table

(D) dysprosium is in group IIIb of the periodic table being a member of the lanthanide series

(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table

3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which she initially titled First Impressions and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this is a book that many fans consider her best work.

(A) this is a book that many fans consider her best work

(B) since many fans consider this her best work

(C) the best work that many fans considered it to be

(D) a book that many fans consider her best work

(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work

4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame being necessary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retton captured the hearts of the American people and won a gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games.

(A)a small frame being necessary for a gymnast

(B) having a small frame necessary for a gymnast

(C) being small frame necessary for a gymnast

(D) a small frame necessary for a gymnast

(E) because her small frame is necessarily for gymnasts

11．代词pronoun

（it, they, their, which, that）

①singular & plural；

②不能pro-verb, per-sentence；

例：During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4）

(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic

(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic

(C) highway, by which all traffic was therore blocked

(D) highway, and therore this had all traffic blocked

(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic

③不能pro-none;

④ambiguous usage;

⑤一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容

―― plague原则

例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the densibility of their practices as legal and ethical.（P615.6）

(A) as to the densibility of their practices as legal and ethical

(B) as to their practices and their densibility on legal and ethical grounds

(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are densible in legal terms as well as ethics

(D) that in regards to densibility their practices are legally and ethically densible

(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically densible

12. S，…，V＋O

错误用法：

S, ... , doing+O

S, ... , which / that +O

S, ... , and +v. +O

S, ... , he / she +v.+O

例：The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.（P954.2）

(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because

(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and

(C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when

(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where

(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and

13. S+V+O；S+V+O→S+V+O；it+V+O it只能指代上一句话的主语。

S+V+O，which…

S+V+O，ving/ved…

例：Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it manufactures school uniforms.（P599.2）

(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures

(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures

(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing

(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing

(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing of

例：Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter criminals.（P739.10）

(A) programs, for it will deter

(B) programs, in which it will deter

(C) programs that will deter

(D) programs for the deterrence of

(E) programs being able to deter

例：It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some colleges, but they have since become coeducational.（P802.8）

(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational

(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational

(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational

(D) colleges that have since become coeducational

(E) colleges, since becoming coeducational

例：When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.（P987.8）

(A) which became

(B) so it was to be

(C) with a result that it was destined to become

(D) therore becoming

(E) consequently it would become

排三剩二时口诀：有A选A，无A选短。

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