继我们上节的evidence分析之后，接下来本周我们将来学习学习prompt中的第三小点的内容-stylistic or persuasive elements。

话不多说，先回顾下这个prompt，看看还眼熟不？

眼熟的表扬

不眼熟的回去跪榴莲吧～记忆里这么差，还不爱学习。

（这时候应该就有小伙伴细声发问，为啥讲完1的evidence，不讲2的reasoning，直接跳到3的stylistic element呢，这么没有规律的吗？）

（当然是有规律有意义的啦，因为reasoning会涉及到段落整体结构的理解，而stylistic or persuasive elements只是部分句子内容的分析。所以，是不是更简单更好掌握呢？）

回顾一下在上一节的evidence中讲过的内容，就是如何去进行分析：

step 1: identity

step 2: quote, paraphrase, summarize

step 3: analyze

接下来，我们将对stylistic or persuasive elements进行细分讲解。

1， Classification

Simile（明瑜）, metaphor（暗喻）, personification（拟人）, parallelism（排比）, irony（讽刺）, hyperbole（夸张）, allusion（引用典故）

2， 抽取几个高频的来分析分析8～

A: simile & metaphor

Similes are comparisons that use the words like or as ;

metaphors are comparison that are implied rather than stated.

（这是官方对于2者的解释，如何分不清，没关系，直接用metaphor，因为metaphor除了暗喻，还有比喻手法的意思，可以指2者。）

Example～：

“flypapers…dangling like toxic seaweed.”

体会下作者想表达的意思：

把传单比喻成水草，可以体现出商家为了宣传产品和服务是多么的persistent，像水草一样把你缠住，而消费者往往由于夸大受骗而没有意识到；此外，toxic这个词奠定了感情基调，有毒的，表明了作者对于这些发传单者的负面态度。

The authors applied simile for direction comparison between flypapers and seaweed. By using such comparison, the author vividly shows the similar feature of both, that is persistent but annoyed, so as to present an image in our mind about the sales trying too hard to sell you something. The usage of simile can draw the readers’interest and lead them into the passage.

B：irony

Irony is the contrast between what is expected and what actually happens. This type of irony can be used to surprise readers.

Example~:

A strange thing has happened in the American arts during the past quarter century. While income rose to unforeseen levels, college attendance ballooned, and access to information increased enormously, the interest young Americans showed in arts - and especially literature - actually diminished.

可以体会出来作者的无奈和绝望吗

The author uses irony to emphasize his argument. In paragraph 1, the author points out “a strange thing”in the U.S. that while income, college attendance as well as access to information all increase, “the interest young Americans showed in the arts – and especially literature – actually diminished.”by employing ironic contrast, the author directly presents the urgent phenomenon appearing in the contemporary society that fewer and fewer people read literature. This irony shows that since citizens have more money and they can get higher education to realize the significance of reading, together with more reading materials, the interest in arts should not decline, but increase. Meanwhile, it also shows the disappointment of the author.

好了，这个就是关于stylistic or persuasive element的简单分析，记得关注下回的reasoning噢～

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