外国人无论在人生的任何时间里都不会让它们白白的溜走，工作的时候能享受工作，而退休了之后竟然比年轻是还要疯狂。有一群冒险家们，在退休以后才开始他们人生中绚丽的旅程，这样的人生不是十分让我们羡慕吗?

　　Paul Cusma manages his clients&apos money cautiously, so the retirees among them &aposdon&apost have to go back to work, &apos says the Tampa, Fla., financial adviser. In the investment realm, &aposI&aposm always planning for a rainy day, &apos he says.

　　来自美国佛罗里达州坦帕市(Tampa)的财务顾问保罗·库斯玛(Paul Cusma)说，他在打理客户资金的时候非常谨慎，为的是保证他们中间的退休者“不必重返工作岗位”。他还说，“我一直都是未雨绸缪。”

　　But off the job -- watch out. Mr. Cusma, 36, rides one of the fastest motorcycles on the highway for &aposan adrenaline boost, &apos he says, adding: &aposIf you lose focus for one second, you crash and burn and die.&apos He also traveled to Russia to ride in a MiG fighter jet at more than 1, 000 miles per hour, soaring as high as 70, 000 feet. &aposI don&apost want to wake up one day and realize I forgot to live my life, &apos he says.

　　但是对下班以后的库斯玛，你可要当心喽。36岁的他在高速路上骑的是当今世界上最快的一种摩托车，他说这样做是为了“寻求刺激”。库斯玛还表示，“如果你走神一秒钟，你就可能会撞车、着火，甚至死亡。他还专程去过俄罗斯，为的是乘坐时速超过1,000英里(约1,600公里)、飞行高度高达70,000英尺(约213,360米)的米格(MiG)战斗机。他说，“我不想哪天一觉醒来，却突然发觉自己并没有真正活过。”

　　You might not think of yourself as a risk-taker. Think again. Recent studies using new experimental tools are upending the old beli that a person&aposs appetite for risk is mostly inborn and unchanging. In fact, the reasons people take crazy gambles are far more complex. People who are cautious in some contexts may embrace risk in others, depending on factors such as their familiarity with the setting and their emotions at the time. The findings are exploding old stereotypes -- that women are innately more cautious than men, for example, or that teenagers are inevitably risk-seekers.

　　你可能并不认为自己是一个冒险家。那么再仔细想想吧!虽然传统观念认为，一个人的风险偏好在很大程度上是与生俱来并且一成不变的，但是通过运用最新的实验工具，近期的研究正在着颠覆这一观念。事实上，促使人们做出疯狂冒险行为的原因要复杂得多。在某些环境下谨小慎微的人，在不同的环境下可能会勇于挑战风险，这具体取决于很多因素，比如人们对所处环境的熟悉程度以及他们当时的情绪。研究结果推翻了很多固有观念，比如，女人天生就比男人谨慎，以及青少年一定是追求刺激的人等。

　　&aposIt has been surprising to learn what a wide variety of reasons people have for risk-taking, &apos says Elke Weber, a professor of international business at Columbia University and a leading researcher on risk. Understanding the roots of risk-taking can guide people in making better decisions, she says. Some long to advance in their careers or have new adventures but overestimate the hazards. Others race quickly and without thinking into dangerous risks.

　　美国哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)国际商业管理学教授、风险领域的前沿学者埃尔克·韦伯(Elke Weber)表示，“得知促使人们采取风险行动的原因是如此多种多样真令人惊讶。”她还表示，搞清楚冒险行为产生的根源能够引导人们做出更好的决定。有些人渴望在职业上取得发展或开启新的冒险旅程，但他们却高估了风险。还有一些人行事草率，根本就没有考虑可能存在的危险。

　　Getting to know your surroundings can change how you size up a risk. &aposMost people overestimate the probability of something going wrong&apos when they venture into unfamiliar turf, says Margie Warrell, a Melbourne, Australia-based authority on risk-taking who has coached many U.S. executives and employers. &aposThey also overestimate the consequences of things going badly, &apos says Ms. Warrell, author of &aposStop Playing Safe.&apos With experience, they become more realistic, and learn they can handle the consequences of failure. &aposThe more often we step out of our comfort zone, the more we build our tolerance for risk-taking, &apos she says.

　　了解你周边的环境可以改变你对风险程度的评估。来自澳大利亚墨尔本、研究风险承担方面的权威玛吉·沃勒尔(Margie Warrell)表示，当人们来到不熟悉的环境时，“多数人都会高估事情可能会出差错的概率”。沃勒尔曾经指导过很多美国的公司高管和雇主，并著有《别再打稳妥牌》(Stop Playing Safe)一书。她说，“人们同时也会高估事情出差错后所带来的后果。”随着经历的累积，人们会变得越来越切合实际，并且意识到他们能够掌控失败所带来的后果。她说，“我们越经常踏出我们感觉踏实的地带，我们对风险的容忍度就会越高。”

　　Mr. Cusma is an athlete who practices martial arts and works out regularly, lending him confidence in handling physical risks. Adventures like taking the MiG flight, set up in 2009 through a Sarasota, Fla., travel company called Incredible Adventures, provide an emotional outlet, he says.

　　库斯玛是一名武术健将，并且经常健身，这让他具备了处理人身风险的自信。他说，搭乘米格战斗机这样的历险经历，为他提供了发泄冒险情绪的出口。库斯玛搭乘米格战斗机的行程是由位于佛罗里达州萨拉索塔(Sarasota)的、一家名为“不可思议探险公司”(Incredible Adventures)的旅游公司安排的。

　　Sometimes an environment can shape risk-taking behavior. Jennifer Bellinghausen of Austin, Texas, a full-time caregiver to her disabled mother, isn&apost a risk-taker and never thought of getting a tattoo. The 39-year-old mother of two is terrified of needles and devotes her time to her family. But when she ventured into Mom&aposs Tattoos in Austin several years ago with a friend who was getting one, the atmosphere in the shop changed her mind. Owner Deborah Obregon was so friendly that &aposit was like we were instant best friends, &apos Ms. Bellinghausen says. Ms. Obregon and another tattoo artist chatted with her for more than an hour, and Ms. Bellinghausen eventually took the plunge and got a 3-inch ankle tattoo of &aposa little kitty cat, &apos she says. &aposIt surprised me; I&aposm not a risk-taker, &apos she says.

　　有些时候，环境能够塑造冒险举动。来自德克萨斯州奥斯汀(Austin)的詹妮弗·别林斯豪森(Jennifer Bellinghausen)全职在家照顾她残疾的母亲，她不是一个爱冒险的人，也从来没想过去纹身。这位39岁、两个孩子的母亲害怕见针，她把全部时间都奉献给了家人。但是，数年以前，当她陪着一个想要纹身的朋友走进奥斯汀一家名为“妈妈纹身”(Mom&aposs Tattoos)的店铺时，她的观念便被这家店铺的气氛改变了。别林斯豪森表示，店主黛博拉·奥夫雷贡(Deborah Obregon)是那么友善，“我们瞬间就变成了要好的朋友”。别林斯豪森说道，奥夫雷贡和另一位纹身师花了一个多小时和她面谈，最终她鼓起勇气，在脚踝处纹上了一只3英寸(约7.6厘米)大的“小猫”。她还说，“我自己也很吃惊;我并不是个爱冒险的人。”

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