4种边缘性人格障碍，你知道吗.

2017-08-13 作者： 127阅读

　　什么是边缘性人格?听起来好像在人际交往中与人格格不入的样子。下面我们就来看一下4种边缘性人格障碍到底是什么样的。

　　So much has been written today about the Borderline Personality Disorder. These individuals, often very abused in their childhoods, can wreak havoc in organizational settings and close relationships. They are known for their impulsivity, self-destructive nature, moodiness, anger, and, perhaps most importantly, their tendency to have very intense and stormy relationships. Think Glenn Close in the movie Fatal Attraction. Moreover, they often have additional life problems, often the result of their impulsive nature, on top of this disorder such as substance abuse, eating disorders, financial difficulties, promiscuity, etc.

　　当今关于边缘性人格障碍的文章已经很多了。这些有边缘性人格障碍的人，通常在童年时期受到过严重的虐待。他们会给社会和亲属带来毁灭性的破坏。他们因冲动，自我毁灭，情绪反常不定，愤怒而臭名昭著。而且，更重要的是：他们通常会倾向于拥有非常紧张激烈的人际关系。想想电影致命吸引中的格林吧。另外，他们通常会因为冲动的天性给他们带来其他生活问题。其中药物滥用，进食障碍，财政问题和滥交等最为常见。

　　But not all these individuals are alike. In his stellar book, Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond (1995, Wiley). Theodore Millon identifies four different subtypes of Borderline Personality Disorder. Incidentally, Millon is one of the leading experts in the field of personality disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder so he knows what he's talking about. His book is one of the best books out there for any serious student of personality disorders and I recommend it highly to those who are a little more advanced in their study of psychology.

　　但是并非人人如此，在西奥多·米勒主要作品《人格障碍：DSM-IV 及其它》(1995，威利)中描述了4种不同类型的边缘人格障碍。米勒是人格障碍和边缘人格障碍领域的前沿专家，所以他有自己的见地。对于学习人格障碍的专业学生来说，米勒的书无疑是最出众的之一。而且我强烈的想把这些书推荐给在心理学研究方面更出众的人。

　　The Discouraged Borderline in many ways can look very much like an individual with Dependent Personality Disorder, or what is commonly known in today's jargon as codependent. They tend to be clingy, go along with the crowd, and walk around feeling somber and somewhat dejected. Deep inside however, there are often angry and disappointed with the actions of those around them. Scratch the surface, and that anger could explode, but they are much more likely to do harm to themselves by self-mutilating or even suicide.

　　悲观型人格障碍在很多方面非常像依赖型人格障碍个体，或者是我们用现在的术语常说的共存。个体倾向于粘人、随大流以及忧郁低落。但是在内心深处，个体却常常对周围人的行为感到非常愤怒和失望。简单来说，这种愤怒可能会爆发，但大多最后会以自我残害甚至自杀来伤害自己。

　　The Impulsive Borderline seems to be a first cousin to the Histrionic Personality Disorder. These individuals tend to be flirtatious, captivating, elusive and superficial. They are highly energetic and seek out thrill after thrill. They are easily bored and seem to have it never ending appetite for attention and excitement. As their name implies, they will often act without thinking, getting themselves into all sorts of trouble. Such individuals can often be very charismatic and it's easy to get caught in their spell. Beware! You can be the moth drawn to their flame.

　　冲动亚型看起来是表演型人格障碍的近亲。那些个体倾向于轻浮、迷人、难捉摸以及肤浅。他们非常充满活力且不断寻求刺激。他们很容易会觉得无聊，似乎从不会停止对注意力和刺激的欲望。就像亚型名称说的，他们经常不经思考冲动行动，而让自己陷入各种麻烦之中。这些个体经常很有魅力，他人很容易被迷住。小心啊!你可能就是那个扑火的飞蛾。

　　Millon’s third subtype is what he calls the Petulant Borderline. He describes them as being "unpredictable, irritable, impatient, and complaining" as well as "diant, disgruntled, stubborn, pessimistic and resentful". They are torn between relying upon people and at the same time keeping their distance for fear of disappointment. They vacillate between feelings of unworthiness and anger. This anger can be quite explosive. Better not get in their line of fire.

　　Millon提到的第三种亚型是暴怒型。他形容为“变化莫测、易怒、焦躁以及怨天尤人”同时“目中无人、不满、固执、悲观和愤怒”。他们在依赖他人和因害怕失望而和他人保持距离之间挣扎。他们也在无价值感和愤怒感之间犹豫踯躅。这种愤怒是很有爆发性的。因此最好不要撞到他们的枪口上。

　　Finally, there is the Self-Destructive Borderline. This type is marked by his constant sense of bitterness which they turn inward. They will often engage in self-destructive behaviors whether it is conscious or unconscious. Their levels of self-hatred can often reach monumental proportions leading them into all types of self-destructive behaviors, ranging from poor healthcare to reckless driving to performing humiliating sexual acts.

　　最后一种是自我毁灭型。这一类型的特征是内化的持久的痛苦感。他们常会做出有意识和无意识的自我毁灭行为。他们的自我憎恨的程度会使自己做出一系列自我毁灭行为，包括从不良自我保健到危险驾驶以及进行侮辱性性行为。

　　These people are not your run-of-the-mill "toxic coworker". Though they might often seem okay on the surface, these are deeply troubled individuals in need of help. Even the most experienced of therapists can be challenged by them.

　　这些人不是你普通的不良同事。尽管他们可能经常表面看上去挺好，但他们依旧是深陷麻烦之中需要帮助的个体。就算是最有经验的心理咨询师也会觉得棘手。

　　Individuals with BPD need to be understood and treated with compassion. But they are in need of psychological help. There is a tendency to be drawn to them; they give off a lot of energy and can be very charismatic, but there is a price to be paid for being involved: Perpetual arguments, dramas, makeups and breakups, suicidal gestures and an almost exquisite sensitivity to rejection whether real or imagined.

　　患有边缘型人格障碍的人需要被理解，而且对待他们需要同情心。但是他们需要心理帮助。人们会容易被他们的四射的能量和光彩照人而吸引。但是这是要付出代价的：无休止的争吵，戏剧，化妆剧，分手，自杀行为和对拒绝异常强烈的敏感。不管这种拒绝是否是真的还是他们凭空的幻想。

　　If you are not prepared to pay this price, it's probably best just to keep your distance.

　　如果你没有准备好，那么可能最好还是和他们保持距离吧。