GMAT考试：逗号和括号的用法.

2017-08-11 作者： 472阅读

　GMAT考试，语法题的部分经常会出现考标点符号的，而常用的标点符号有：Semicolons分号、Colons冒号、Commas逗号、Parentheses括号、Dashes破折号、Hyphens连字号、Ellipsis省略号和Quotation marks引号。上期澳际留学小编为大家整理的是有关分号和冒号的知识点，这期为大家整理的是逗号和括号的用法。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

　一. Commas逗号(,)

　　a. Use a comma bore a coordinating conjunction that introduces an independent clause (that’s a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence).

　　例句：My sister’s name is Lily, and my brother’s name is Lucus.多么小白的一句话啊…

　　扩展下，看到and, 立刻反应到but, however… …然后再条件反射一下各种平行结构的常见词组

　　b. Use a comma after conjunctive adverbs (those are adverbs working as conjunctions—they link two sentences and show how the two are related).

　　Conjunctive adverbs: however, finally, furthermore, indeed, meanwhile, nevertheless, therore, unfortunately…

　　c. Use a comma after most introductory phrases and clauses.

　　例句：Being a sugar freak, I have to have at least one cookie a day.

　　d. Use commas to emphasize an adverb.

　　例句：Laney ran, fast, and got home bore her mother.

　　e. Use commas when adjectives come after the noun.

　　例句：My language arts teacher, kind of heart and generous of spirit, will surely give me an A if I learn all these comma rules.

　　f. Use commas in lists.

　　g. Use commas with cities and states. Notice both commas.

　　例句： I was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on Valentine’s Day.

　　h. Use commas with addresses. Notice there is no comma between the state and the zip code. 这个写信才用得到

　　i. Use commas in numbers over 999. 千位数分隔符

　　j. Use commas with direct quotations (what someone says).

　　例句：”There is a big bug in my bed,” yelled Sofia.

　　k. Use commas when speaking directly to someone (this is called direct address).

　　例句：I was born on Thursday, December 27, 1996, in Boston. 注意三个逗号的位置，月份后面是没有逗号分隔的。美国的日期表示一般格式是月/日/年。

　　l. Use a comma bore and/or after an interjection 感叹词：wow, well, hey...

　　m. Use commas sometimes between consecutive adjectives (two or more in a row) describing the same noun. 连续并列的形容词用逗号隔开。

　　n. Use commas bore and/or after some Latin abbreviations

　　例句：I love sports, e.g., baseball, basketball, and football. e.g.后面跟着逗号的啊。读一遍：e-dot-g-dot-comma，这样保证不漏。另外，etc.也是Latin abbreviation，但是一般都是用这句尾，因此，逗号是摆在etc.前面的。记住，etc.前面不用加and ，用了and会造成句意重复的。Etc.= and so forth.

　　o. Use commas bore and after parenthetical expressions (插入语).

　　p. Use a comma to show that two parts of a sentence are being contrasted.

　　例句：I ordered pizza, not lasagna. (烤面条)

　　q. Use commas between repeated words.

　　例句：The airplane ride was bumpy, bumpy, bumpy.

　　r. Use commas with titles when they come after (but not bore) the person’s name.

　　例句：Arith Metic, Ph.D., is my math teacher.

　　s. Use commas bore and after appositives (an appositive explains who or what the noun is).同位语

　　t. Use commas to indicate omitted words.

　　例句：Tonight I will study math; tomorrow, Spanish.

　　u. Pulling it all together. 说白了，就是在一个句子里内容很丰富，而逗号起到了一个语气停顿，take a breath的作用。

　　例句：My new laptop, which my best-mom-in-the-world mom got me for Christmas, has a flash drive with more storage than I will probably ever be able to use.

　　二. Parentheses括号 ( )

　　a. Parenthetical expressions is by-the-way information (inserted in the middle of a sentence, like this) that isn’t absolutely necessary. Here are some examples:

　　1) An explanation: The academic year (this year that’s August 20-June 13) includes 180 school days.

　　2) A translation: I paid 40 German marks (about $25) for dinner.

　　3) A classification: The town where I live (Chapel Hill) is in the central part of North Carolina.

　　4) A feeling: School is canceled (yippee!) today

　　5) A joke or play on words: We’re having chocolate mousse (no, not chocolate moose) for dessert.

　　6) An opinion: We’re all out (and I hope we remain out) of livermush.

　　7) A list: Some of my cousins (Bill, Wesley, David, Hartley, Melissa, and Kasey) were at my party.

　　b. Punctuating sentences with parentheses can sometimes be tricky.

　　例句：When I am hungry (like now), all I can think about is food. 这里注意逗号在括号外面。