名师解读GMAT考试语法中存在的逻辑问题.

2017-08-11 作者： 292阅读

　　在GMAT语法复习中考生可能并没有注意到，其实GMAT语法题中也会存在一些逻辑的知识，只是大家总是埋头苦练并没有多少在意。澳际小编接下来有请名师为考生解读GMAT考试语法复习中存在的逻辑问题。

　　其实GMAT语法中的这种逻辑类考题并不像大家所想象的那样毫无规律，只要将GMAT考试历年真题加以总结就可以发现，这些题目还是可以有迹可循的。从总的方向来看，可以分为以下几个种类：

　　1. 事物的本身不能说明问题，事物的变化方能说明问题

　　这类考题和GMAT逻辑中的一类考题是非常类似的，仅仅通过事物的本身不能说明问题，事物变化的趋势和结果才能说明问题。比如我们看下面两道GMAT语法题目：

　　1. As the price of gasoline rises, which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.

　　(A) which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive

　　(B) which makes substituting the distillation of alcohol from cereal grain attractive

　　(D) making an attractive substitution of alcohol distilled from cereal grain(E)

　　(E) making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute

　　这道题目中划线部分的which只能用来指代价格，但是价格的本身是不能说明用从谷物中蒸馏出来的酒精来做替代品变得更有吸引力的，油价上涨了这件事情方能说明，所以不能使用which，因为which只能指代一个特定的主体，它不能用来指代整个句子。应该用现在分词做伴随状语来表结果，所以答案应该选E，使用make n1 n2的句型。

　　2. Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway are still standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indinitely.

　　(A) standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indinitely

　　(B) standing, demonstrating how wooden buildings, when they have sound design and maintenance, can last indinitely

　　(D) standing, and they demonstrate wooden buildings can last indinitely when there is sound design and maintenance(A)

　　(E) standing, and they demonstrate how a wooden building can last indinitely when it has sound design and maintenance

　　这道题目的意思是一些十世纪的教堂在挪威依然屹立着，展示了有着很好的设计和保养，木质结构可以无限延续下去，所以答案选A，同样用现在分词做伴随状语来表结果，而C，D，E的逻辑就错了，它们使用了they，只能指代复数名词教堂，变成教堂本身展示了有着很好的设计和保养，木质结构可以无限延续下去，这个逻辑是不对的，教堂本身怎么可能展示呢?比方说十世纪有个教堂，到了十一世纪就倒塌了，它所展示的意义不是刚好和原文相反了吗?所以教堂本身是不能展示的，教堂在挪威依然立着这件事情方能展示有着很好的设计和保养，木质结构可以无限延续下去。C，D，E的逻辑错误就明显属于事物的本身不能说明问题，事物的变化方能说明问题。

　　2. 词与词之间的逻辑搭配关系

　　这种题一般就属于难题了，它要求大家在考试的时侯要时刻保持清醒的头脑，注意正确的词与词之间的搭配关系。我们同样举几个例子：

　　3. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

　　(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

　　(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult.

　　(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult.

　　(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.(D)

　　(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.

　　这道题目正确的逻辑表述是当一个婴儿出现于子宫的黑暗当中，婴儿有着最初等的视觉，这个视觉将会被评为20/500，而一个成年人有着这样的视力将会被认为合法的瞎。首先A选项是不对的，它里面有两个代词it，第一个很明显指代视力，而第二个则是指代婴儿，这就违背了在同一句话中相同的代词应该指代相同事物的原则，所以A不对。这里我们来重点分析一下B选项，里面的关系代词that指代视力，是视力将会被评为20/500，这没有问题，但是很遗憾这个定语从句后面还引导了legally blind as an adult，它的逻辑主语也是that,这样就变成视力合法的瞎了，这个逻辑就是有问题的，我们只能说人瞎，视力是无法说它瞎的。同样我们只能说人聋，听力是无法说它聋的，因此B选项就属于词与词之间的逻辑搭配关系错误。答案应该选D选项，后半分句是一个成年人有着这样的视力将会被认为合法的瞎，消除了逻辑搭配不当和代词指代的错误。

　　4. The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye.

　　(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye

　　(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye making it invisible

　　(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long for the eye to register it

　　(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible(A)

　　(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible

　　这道题目与刚才那道题的解题思路是完全一样的，我们再来体会一下这种题的出题特点。题干说人类眼睛的物理结构使它能感受到波长0.0005的光，然而射线是看不见的，因为它的波长是0.1，这太长了以至于不能够被眼睛探测到。A选项说波长看不见，这是个正确的逻辑，没有问题，然而B选项说射线的波长太长了以至于波长不能被看见，这就不对了。我们可以说射线看得见或是看不见，但是不能说波长看不见，因此B选项也属于词与词之间的逻辑搭配关系错误。

　　以上就是名师对GMAT考试语法复习中的逻辑问题解读，所有的GMAT考试，包括GMAT语法都是相通的，GMAT语法题的训练中考生可能就会见到其他的考试内容出现。所以大家在复习时要把知识融会贯通，做到举一反三，把各知识点串联起来。

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