11 岩洞壁画

　　V1 by ttss

　　一篇关于岩洞壁画。类似于一篇托福阅读，主要讲一个地方有很多史前人类留下的岩画，但是有的位置很深，有的却是open的。主要列了两种观点，第一段的观点如何如何，但是这个观点的弊端是解释了啥啥啥，没有解释了啥啥啥;第二段说的另一个观点，同样说，这样能解释啥啥啥，但不能解释啥啥啥。包括这些动物是不是当时hunting的主要对象啊，人们是不是靠这个来学习打猎啊。这篇有两道高亮题。一题是针对最后一句，在For example后面，答案往前一句小论点找就可以。一题是考第二段第一句，高亮了an alternertive观点，问题忘了。

　　V2 by streamsun

　　前一段大意是说一个理论解释这个现象在一些偏远地区的很深的山洞里发现了很多壁画,怀疑和hunting之类的有关.这些在深处的壁画画的都是大型动物,可能是来标记imprison的动物的.这个理论解释了为什么这些画都在偏远的深山里.

　　后一段大意是说在另外的不是深山的地方也有壁画,这些壁画可能是用来描述记录这个地区都有些什么动物之类的.这些画很detail,很精确的反应了动物的样子.

　　问题:哪种画最不可能出现..好像有一个选项是半人半鸟,还有一个选项是蛇和鸟?

　　好像也有道"根据文章可以indicate..."的题

　　V3 by Shawnsea

　　前一段大意是说一个理论解释这个现象在一些偏远地区的很深的山洞里发现了很多壁画,怀疑和hunting之类的有关.这些在深处的壁画画的都是大型动物,可能是来标记imprison的动物的.这个理论解释了为什么这些画都在偏远的深山里.

　　后一段大意是说在另外的不是深山的地方也有壁画,这些壁画可能是用来描述记录这个地区都有些什么动物之类的.这些画很detail,很精确的反应了动物的样子.

　　问题:哪种画最不可能出现..好像有一个选项是半人半鸟,还有一个选项是蛇和鸟?

　　好像也有道"根据文章可以indicate..."的题

　　12 科技的发展对经济的影响

　　V1 by ttss

　　还有一篇是讲Technology如何使用好。也是用了两个研究的观点，两段。一开篇就说Technology是被人们认为有很大贡献的，促进进步提高生产力之类，但是这也看行业。第一段里提到Liang Li和另一个学者的研究显示。。。

　　第二段提到的是另一项研究，关于美国和英国生产成本差异的，说美国的啥公司和英国的啥公司合并了组成了M公司，但是科学家发现，。。(这里有一个很重要的等式关系，但是记不清了，有题)大意是在美国....可以买135千瓦时..还有多少worker-hours，在英国却只能买30多千瓦时，啥啥worker-hours，这句话里还有electricity这个词，忘记主语是什么了。对应的题目就是问你能得出什么结论，有两个选项比较纠结，一个是英国工人更便宜，另一个忘了。文章接下来说那么合理的利用technology以降低成本提高利润就应该在美国多买点啥少买点啥，而在英国相反，少买点啥多买点啥，这两个事物好像分别是electricity和worker-hours。

　　V2 by shelly1030

　　介绍科技的发展对经济的影响，举例说明美国和英国对于workers和machines的应用不同，造成不同的profit，题目问的都还算简单，遇到的时候仔细看看吧，我就不说答案了，没记住。

　　13 政府对于保险行业的态度

　　V1 by shelly1030

　　一个超长的阅读，讲的是AFI机构，似乎是说政府对于保险行业的态度，然后有个AFI的机构反对政府的观点，之后又举例子等等，哪位牛人遇到此题可以详细补充，实在太长，没看全。

　　14 美国劳动者的立场(GWD17-24-27原文)

　　V1 by streamsun：,问题都一摸一样,(GWD有5个问题,考了后4道)

　　In 1938, at the government-convened National Health Conference, organized labor emerged as a major proponent of legislation to guarantee universal health care in the United States. The American Medical Association, representing physicians’ interests, argued for preserving physicians’ free-market prerogatives. Labor activists countered these arguments by insisting that health care was a fundamental right that should be guaranteed by government programs.

　　The labor activists’ position represented a departure from the voluntarist view held until 1935 by leaders of the American Federation of labor (AFL), a leading affiliation of labor unions; the voluntarist view stressed workers’ right to freedom from government intrusions into their lives and represented national health insurance as a threat to workers’ privacy. AFL president Samuel Gompers, presuming to speak for all workers, had positioned the AFL as a leading opponent of the proposals for national health insurance that were advocated beginning in 1915 by the American Association for Labor Legislation (AALL), an organization dedicated to the study and rorm of labor laws. Gompers’ opposition to national health insurance was partly principled, arising from the premise that governments under capitalism invariably served employers’, not workers’, interests. Gompers feared the probing of government bureaucrats into workers’ lives, as well as the possibility that government-mandated health insurance, financed in part by employers, could permit companies to require employee medical examinations that might be used to discharge disabled workers.

　　Yet the AFL’s voluntarism had accommodated certain exceptions: the AFL had supported government intervention on behalf of injured workers and child laborers. AFL officials drew the line at national health insurance, however, partly out of concern for their own power. The fact that AFL outsiders such as the AALL had taken the most prominent advocacy roles antagonized Gompers. That this rorm threatened union-sponsored benit programs championed by Gompers made national health insurance even more objectionable.

　　Indeed, the AFL leadership did face serious organizational divisions. Many unionists, recognizing that union-run health programs covered only a small fraction of union members and that unions represented only a fraction of the nation’s workforce, worked to enact compulsory health insurance in their state legislatures. This activism and the views underlying it came to prevail in the United States labor movement and in 1935 the AFL unequivocally reversed its position on health legislation.

　　问题(我只找到了4道，希望streamsun同学确认下)

　　24. Q24:

　　The passage suggests which of the following about the voluntarist view held by leaders of the AFL regarding health care?

　　A. It was opposed by the AALL.

　　B. It was shared by most unionists until 1935.

　　D. It maintained that employer-sponsored health care was prerable to union-run health programs.

　　E. It was based on the premise that the government should protect child laborers but not adult workers.

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　　25. Q25:

　　The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　A. account for a labor organization’s success in achieving a particular goal

　　B. discuss how a labor organization came to reverse its position on a particular issue

　　C. explain how disagreement over a particular issue eroded the power of a labor organization

　　D. outline the arguments used by a labor organization’s leadership in a particular debate

　　E. question the extent to which a labor organization changed its position on a particular issue

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　　26. Q26:

　　Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 42-45 (“Yet … child laborers”)?

　　A. It elaborates a point about why the AFL advocated a voluntarist approach to health insurance.

　　B. It identifies issues on which the AFL took a view opposed to that of the AALL.

　　C. It introduces evidence that appears to be inconsistent with the voluntarist view held by AFL leaders.

　　D. It suggests that a view described in the previous sentence is based on faulty evidence.

　　E. It indicates why a contradiction described in the previous paragraph has been overlooked by historians.

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　　27. Q27:

　　According to the passage, Gompers’ objection to national health insurance was based in part on his beli that

　　A. union-sponsored health programs were less expensive than government-sponsored programs

　　B. most unionists were covered by and satisfied with union-sponsored health programs

　　C. it would lead some employers to reduce company-sponsored benits

　　D. it could result in certain workers unfairly losing their jobs

　　E. the AFL should distance itself from the views of the American Medical Association

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