4.题库62

　　The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.

　　“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town&aposs residents, we should, therore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”

　　本地报纸上给编者的信板块：

　　一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。

　　1.The state-of-the-art exercise machines do not necessarily fit every one.

　　2.There are other ways to advance the fitness levels of the town’s residents.

　　3.We should question what the validity and reliability of the owner’s statement.

　　4.There is no concrete statistic to prove the relationship between sales volume and the report of exercise machines.

　　A. First, tha arguer unfairly assume that Powerflex sells well in general because it sells well at Skyview Newstand.

　　B. Second, granting that Powerflex that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines does sell well, there is no evidence that such machines will help maximize fitness levels.

　　C. Third, these machines that are suitable for body building man not bu suitable to help maximize the fitness level of the town’s residents.

　　D. Finally, granting that such machines can help maximize fitness levels,, adding such machines to the new commumity center will not ensure that the residents will use them to build up their health.

　　5.题库32

　　The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.

　　“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”

　　一份西Cambria报纸的社论片断：

　　最近的对西Cambria的志愿救护服务的回顾显示出其对事故的平均应对时间比设在东Cambria的一个商业救护班要长。为了给事故受害者提供更好的医护服务并通过收取急救服务费来提高我们镇的税收，我们应当解散志愿救护并雇佣商业救护服务。

　　Ans:

　　Lower response time doesn’t necessarily mean a good quality of service, so we can’t just conclude that the commercial ambulance have a better quality of service than West Cambria volunteer ambulance. Maybe personnel in West Cambria volunteer service are better trained and better epuipped.

　　We have to analyze the reason that result in a longer response for West volunteer ambulance service. If it were some unchangeable reasons like traffic jam that cause the longer response time? I don’t think commercial ambulance will conquer this problem.

　　A. In the first place, the arguer ignores other factors that might account for the longer average response time as revealed bu the recent review.

　　B. In the second place, the arguer infairly reduces better patient care to shorter response time to accidents.

　　C. Finally, the arguer fails to support the claim that hiring a commercial ambulance service would automatically raise revenue for West Cambria.

　　6.题库10

　　The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

　　“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or lt for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”

　　地方性报纸的编者按：

　　过去的冬天里，200名学生从Waymarsh州立大学前往州府大楼(capitol building)抗议对各项州立大学项目基金进行削减的计划。另外12000名Waymarsh学生显然对他们的教育不太关心：他们或是留在学校里，或离开过寒假。由于不抗议的人群更大，他们比抗议人群更有资格代表州立大学学生。所以州立法会不必理会(heed)抗议者。

　　1)unfairly assumes that the one-tenth of the students who took part in the protest cannot represent the entire student body.

　　2) fails to prvide any evidence that the remaining students who did not participate in the protest are not concerned abou their education.

　　(excellent)

　　反驳“由于抗议的人数不多，所以不具有代表性”的论据：抗议的学生人数不多并不一定意味着他们就不能代表大多数同学的意愿，或许这200名参加抗议的学生就是从大多数的学生中挑选出来参加抗议的呢。

　　反驳“由于大多数的学生或是忙于学习或是回家度假，所以他们对抗议教育计划漠不关心”的论据，这两者之间不存在推论关系，忙于其他事并不意味着他们不关心此事，或许他们正以其它的方式(如发表文章、做演讲)进行舆论抗议。

　　GratuitiousAssumption--"because 12000 students didn&apost protest they didn&apost care about the funding cuts" the students might have cared, but perhaps they thought that protesting would do no good, or they had other good reasons for not protesting. Perhaps many of them wrote letters.

　　InsufficientSample--perhaps Waymarsh had the lowest level of turnout of all of the state colleges. Looking at the numbers from one school is an insufficient sample to determine whether the state&aposs college students in general are against the cuts.

　　**--if the funding cuts only affected a small number of students, then one would expect only a small number of students to be angry about the cuts. If the funding amount was proportional to the number of students it affected then perhaps the legislature should heed the appeals of protesters.

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