8.23 AA(二)

　　15. venus2elva

　　The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.

　　“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.” (pool第34题)

　　提纲：

　　1.环保组织所提供的标识所关心的方面和民众所关心的方面可能不一致

　　2.关心环保问题不意味着他们就一定会采取一些具体的措施象是在这个例子里面购买这个公司的产品

　　The author assumes that the public&aposs concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem-in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card.

　　3.权衡了额外付出的成本和收益之后并不一定值得这么做.

　　1.首先，关心环境的人，不一定是使用信用卡的。第二，关心环境问题的人，关心的issues不一定与该组织的相同。

　　2.因果关系不明确：不一定人们关心环保就一定用使用信用卡的方式来表达。因为More often，人们可能采取更加直接的方式，比如直接donate money to the environmental organization.

　　3.另外，利润率关系到收入和支出，很可能两个比较收入小于支出。

　　16. hvfgrpwk

　　The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial.

　　“Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last year’s graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.” (pool第14题)

　　提纲：

　　1. 没有排除他因。很可能是学校出台的policy要求老师上课认真，学生更加勤奋导致的。同时发生不能说明因果。stricter discipline applied last year.

　　2. 还有其他的比如加入新课引起学生的兴趣等等。counseling and training programs

　　3. 错误类比，其他的学校情况跟这个不一定相同。比如很可能是艺术类等文科院校，而这个是科学类的，所以不同。

　　4. 过去推将来，不对。很可能短暂的interest之后学生会失去兴趣。或者别的什么情况发生了变化。

　　OverSimplification--the decline in the school dropout rate and the use of interactive computer instruction do not necessarily imply causality

　　All Thing Equal--just because the computers worked in one subject does not mean that they will work in all subjects, so they might not want to implement it "throughout the curriculum"

　　InsufficientSample--the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. The fact that some graduates reported some impressive achievements in college does not necessarily allow us to establish the general conclusion that the computer instruction is helping students to achieve success. Unless it can be shown that the school does not usually produce graduates who report impressive achievments, and it can also be shown that the computer instruction influenced the students to make those achievements the conclusion drawn is unwarranted.

　　A. First of all, this argument commits a fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc.

　　B. Second, the conclusion is based on the gratuitous assumption that Nova High School’s “success” in using interactive computer instruction in only three subjects would ensure a similar sweeping success in adopting computer instruction throughout the curriculum of all schools in the district.

更多出国留学最新动态，敬请关注澳际教育手机端网站，并可拨打咨询热线：400-601-0022