一、换用笼统词

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　　词大体可分为两类：笼统词和具体词。笼统词的特点在于意义广泛、搭配性强。虽然它们独自不能精确表达一个动作，但在构成词组以后可替代很多具体词。写作中遇到一些具体词写不出来的时候，用笼统词取代，能收到异曲同工之妙。最常用的笼统词有 have，take等。

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　　例：迈克经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。M ike experienced a terrible hard time.写作时，若忘记了experience可用笼统词have代替，写成M ike had a terrible hard time.同样能收到预期效果。

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　　再看几例：Are you married?= Do you have a wife /husband?

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　　Do you understand my meaning?=Do you take my meaning?

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　　She will subscribe(订阅)to Chi- na Today.=She will take China To- day.

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　　二、换用同义词、反义词

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　　遇到未曾学过的词或一时想不起的词时，可采用发散性思维，发挥想象力，尽可能想出与之有关的同义词、反义词，利用语言的内在联系、多层次、多角度地运用语言，使单词受阻现象得以解决。

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　　例：昨晚李雷做了一场恶梦。

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　　Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易记住。但其同义词bad dream易记。上句可换译为：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.

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　　再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.

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　　We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.

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　　This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.

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　　This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.

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　　三、换用迂回表达

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　　当一个词或某些信息表达起来有困难时，要充分利用语言本身词汇丰富、句型多变等特点，进行迂回表达。因为任何一种表达形式，只要能达意便可接受。请仔细观察划线部分词语，看看是如何迂回表达的。

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　　例：1.我从未见到过这样顽固的人。

　　I&aposve never seen such a stubborn person.=I&aposve never seen such a person who never listens to other&aposs advice.

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　　2.如果我们想得到文凭，我们必须首先通过考试。

　　If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams.=If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams.

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　　3.工厂里的烟囱(chimney)拔地而起。

　　High chimneys have appeared in the factories.=The factories are full of high chimneys.=A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories.

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　　4.他数学考试取得优异成绩，被大学录取了。

　　He passed the maths exam /succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student.

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　　5.中午我们吃了野餐。

　　At noon we had a picnic.=At noon we had our lunch in the open air.

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