摘要：牧羊人詹姆斯·理班克斯是英格兰湖区最新几代放牧人中的一员，他已经出版了一本书，在推特(Twitter)上有45000个粉丝，大家都被他每天用相机被拍下的纯粹自然美景迷住了。下面他给我们介绍了他每天的生活，以及为什么他的记录能吸引这么多人。如果你也向往这种生活，不妨先来看看本文

The HerdwickShepherd, James Rebanks, is the latest of several generations tohave tended flocks in the Lake District, but he now has a book and45,000 Twitter followers entranced by the starkly beautiful sceneshe photographs every day. Here he explains what his life is likeand why his documenting of it appeals to so many people。

牧羊人詹姆斯·理班克斯是湖区最新几代放牧人中的一员，他已经出版了一本书，在推特(Twitter)上有45000个粉丝，大家都被他每天用相机被拍下的纯粹自然美景迷住了。下面他给我们介绍了他每天的生活，以及为什么他的记录能吸引这么多人。

People havarmed sheep and cattle in the English uplands for 4-5,000 years -it is a culture as old as the pyramids。

在英格兰的高地上，人们牧羊牧牛的历史已经长达四、五千年了，这是一种跟金字塔一样久远的文化。

The LakeDistrict fells are mostly "common land" - withlegal grazing rightsheld by the graziers (the landlord oftenhas no grazing rights). I have always been involved in the familyfarm and have worked with the sheep since I was very small with mygrandfather. Today we farm about 600 sheep。

湖区的高地大都是公共用地，放牧权由放牧人持有(地主通常没有放牧权)。自我小时候起，我就一直和我爷爷在自家的牧场里一起放羊。如今，我们有差不多600只羊。

I startedtweeting about three years ago, initially as an experiment to seeif anyone was interested. It quickly becameclear that they were in large numbers. I have written poems andjournalism for more than 15 years, and realised that this was agood way to be creative with pictures and words about our way oflife. We now have 44,000 followers and some recent video clips ofour puppies were viewed 600,000 times。

我大约从3年前开始发推特，一开始只是想看看有没有人感兴趣。很快我们就发现很多人都很喜欢。我有15年的写诗和做新闻的经验，我发现用图片和文字记录我们的生活方式很有新意。我们现在有44000个粉丝，最近我们家小狗的一些视频短片已经有60万次播放量了。

The LakeDistrict is the UK's nominated site for World Heritage status in2017-17 - its unique pastoral farming system is a key part of itshistoric significance. It is one of the world's most amazingsurviving historic farming landscapes。

湖区是英国境内入选2017-17年世界文化遗产提名的地方，它独特的畜牧系统是给这个地方赋予历史性意义的关键。那里有世界上现存的最令人叹为观止的畜牧景观。

The children'sauthor Beatrix Potter lt 15 farms and4,000 acres inher will to the National Trust and specified the need to protectand sustain the traditional Herdwick farming system. The trust ownsmany thousands of sheep in its landlord's flocks and they are takenon by the tenants of their farms。

儿童文学作家比阿特丽克斯·波特在她的遗嘱里给NationalTrust(旨在保护英国最具历史价值和自然美的土地与建筑的组织)赠与了15个牧场和4000英亩的土地，并指明要用于保护和维持传统的赫德威克畜牧系统。在地主的牧场里，这个组织拥有数千只绵羊，它们由牧场的承包人照管。

Herdwick sheepare native to the Lake District. There are about 50,000 breedingfemales, but the number is declining due to environmental schemes -95% of them live in a 20-mile radius of each other. They areclassed as "at risk" becauseof the threats to them。

赫德威克绵羊是湖区本地的品种。仍能繁育的雌性绵羊大约有5万只，但是由于政府开发地产导致环境破坏，这个数字正在减少，它们中95%都相互隔着20英里的距离。由于种种威胁，它们已经被列为濒危物种。

Herdwick sheepare "hted", which means they hold without fences to a place onthe fell, or hill or mountain, because they are taught a sense ofbelonging by their mothers in their first summer. This stretchesback countless centuries and has never been broken。

赫德威克绵羊是很“恋家”的。也就是说，在高地或者山上，不用篱笆圈起来它们都会自己待在某一块地方，因为在它们出生后的第一个夏天，母羊会教它们不要离开属于它们的地方。这种现象已经有好几个世纪的历史了，而且从未被打破过。

DNA analysissuggests that Herdwick sheep really did come by boat withthe Vikings athousand or more years ago. Their closest relatives live far to thenorth。

DNA分析表明，赫德威克绵羊确实是一千多年前由维京人船运带来的。与它们血缘关系最近的物种都生活在遥远的北方。

Becauslocks graze the fells together a system of lug (ear) and smit(body) marks has evolved to identify thesheep, and these are captured in the Lake District Shepherd's Guidewhich has been published for more than 200 years. Similar systemsexist forreindeer herdersin Norway and Sweden。

因为不同的羊群会一起在高地上吃草，所以牧羊人有一套耳朵和身体的标识系统来区分不同的羊群，这种方法被记录在了200多年前出版的《湖区牧羊指南》里。挪威和瑞典的驯鹿牧人也用着类似的系统。

The averageincome of a Lake District fell farmer is £8,500,according to figures from Newcastle University. Lambs are sold fora quarter of their real price in 1970.

根据纽卡斯尔大学的数据，湖区高地农场主的平均收入是8500英镑。在1970年，羊的售价仅是它真正价值的四分之一。

It is a toughway to make a living。

他们的生活十分艰难。

最后，为大家介绍下2017Times英国大学排名之畜牧学专业专业排名。

1 22＝ University of Nottingham 85.8 30.0 388 57.5 100.0 2 68 University of the West of England 18.3 65.4 96.3 3 - Royal Veterinary College 85.4 25.0 377 52.4 95.8 4 11 University of Surrey 81.3 445 81.8 91.9 5 36 University of Liverpool 72.5 18.3 420 67.9 91.2 6 33 University of Reading 83.8 18.3 379 91.0 7 93 Aberystwyth University 83.9 21.7 311 23.6 84.0 8 63 Harper Adams University 85.1 8.3 380 20.0 83.2 9 19 University of Bristol 72.0 13.3 408 82.1 10 80 Plymouth University 86.9 3.3 340 37.5 81.6 11 60 University of Lincoln 72.3 6.7 364 59.0 80.2 12 77= University of Central Lancashire 389 21.4 78.1 13 110 Anglia Ruskin University 92.1 275 18.5 75.1 14 97 Edinburgh Napier University 87.8 329 4.8 74.7 15 52 Nottingham Trent University 76.7 320 33.0 72.2 16 98 University of Greenwich 13.3 288 14.0 72.1 17 67 University of Chester 72.6 345 20.3 69.9 18 75 Middlesex University 78.2 296 13.3 68.2

排名	综合排名	学校	学生满意度	研究质量	录取分	Graduate prospects	总分

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