校园生活场景下有很多典型的西方教育的学习及相关场景。考生若想要在此类场景稳操胜券就必须对西方的高等教育体制、教学方式和留学生在西方的学习概况等有一些了解。本文围绕学术主题讨论的相关出题进行分析。

学术主题讨论

关键词汇：Lecture, tutorial, seminar, presentation etc.

在很多西方教学理念中，培养学生独立学习的意识和能力是最重要的理念之一，这种理念渗透到了学校教学的方方面面。学校鼓励学生主动学习，而不是被动听课和死记硬背。要求学生独立地进行研究，收集和分析自己或团队获取的数据，勇于提出问题，勇于向老师和同学进行符合逻辑性的争辩。

课堂上，教师除讲解外，更多的是给予学生启迪，让学生思考和发表观点。有什么疑问，学生课后可以直接去找老师预约时间见面。此外，教师还会要求学生安排相当时间在图书馆或实验室做自我研究工作，鼓励学生主动地进行学习和科研，从而激发学生的创新意识。

以上的种种均是去往西方海外留学必将经历的。因此，在考试中，考生经常能听到学生和学生之间或老师和学生之间的讨论，有对学习方法的讨论，也有对某一学术主题展开讨论。

而一般来讲，这些讨论会以lecture/report, tutorial、seminar、presentation等形式展开。

Lecture

lecture一般以老师讲，学生听为主，可能当中提出一些问题。

【典型范例】:

Instruction: Dr. Linda Graycar who is from the City Institute for the Blind is talking about the system of writing for the blind known as Braille.

1. What can the combined dots represent?

A both letters and words

B only individual words

C only letters of the alphabet

2. What is unusual about the way Braille is written?

A It can only be written using a machine.

B The texts have to be read backwards.

C Handwritten Braille is created in reverse.

【范例原文】:

Dr. Graycar: Well, it's a system of touch reading which uses an arrangement of raised dots called a cell. Braille numbered the dot positions 1-2-3 downward on the lt and 4-5-6 downward on the right, The letters of the alphabet are then formed by using different combinations of these dots.

Student: So is the writing system based on the alphabet with each word being individually spelt out?

Dr. Graycar: Well ... it's not quite that simple, I'm afraid! For instance, the first 10 letters of the alphabet are Formed using dots 1, 2, 4 and 5. But Braille also has its own short forms for common words. For example, 'b' for the word 'but' and 'h' for 'have' – there are many other contractions like this.

Student: Can it be written by hand or do you need a machine to produce Braille?

Dr. Graycar: Well, you can write it by hand on to paper with a device called a slate and stylus but the trick is that you have to write backwards . . . e.g. from right to lt so that then when you turn your sheet over, the dots face upwards and can be read like English from lt to right.

【范例分析】: 范例是一位教授介绍一种盲文体。在教授的演讲中，会有学生不间断的提出一些问题，很多时候，在讲座中穿插的一些问题即考点所在。提醒考生，在lecture或report过程中，有提问就会有考点!

【范例答案】: 1. A

2. C

更多出国留学最新动态，敬请关注澳际教育手机端网站，并可拨打咨询热线：400-601-0022